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- Gamma-Ray Astronomy -

Research Area : Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN)

 

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Some galactic nuclei are remarkably distinguished from the average: These so-called Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are intensive sources of light of all wavelengths from radio to gamma-rays. The activities seen in the AGNs are caused by gaseous matter falling into, and interacting with, supermassive central objects like massive black holes, according to the current consensus of most researchers. Sometimes, the spectra of these nuclei indicate enormous gaseous masses in rapid motion; galaxies with such a nucleus are called Seyfert galaxies (for their discoverer, Karl Seyfert). Few galaxies have even more exotic nuclei, which are extremely compact and extremely bright, outshining their whole parent galaxy; these are called quasars (an acronym for QUAsi-StellAR objects). From their properties, quasars resemble extremely active Seyfert galaxy nuclei. A special sub-group of AGN are the so-called Blazars which are BL-Lac type galaxies emitting very high energy photons (up to TeV). The majority of the extragalactic sources fond by the EGRET instrument on board CGRO are of this type.

A good basic introduction to active galaxies, Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and Blazars are the external link"Imagine the Universe" web pages from NASA:

external link Active Galaxies - level 1 (Seyferts, Quasars, Blazars)
external link Active Galaxies - level 2 (Seyferts, Quasars, Blazars)

A schematic view of the current picture of the diferent types of AGN is the icon on the top left of this page. View a larger version by clicking on it.


Detected AGN with COMPTEL :

Cen A   ,   PKS 0528+135   ,   3C 273   ,   3C 279   ,  

CTA 102   ,   3C 454.3   ,   GRO J0516-609   ,   PKS 0208-512   ,   PKS 1222+216   ,   PKS 1622-297    


      Centaurus A :

Centaurus A is the nearest AGN and it has been observed many times with the MPE-built COMPTEL instrument on board CGRO and other instruments. Quite a number of publications with MPE members as authors and a set of dedicated Web Pages is the result.

  • The Dedicated Centaurus A Web pages
    H. Steinle

  • Centaurus A: A Multifrequency Review
    Steinle H.
    Chin. J. Astron. Astrophys. 6, Suppl. 1, 106-113 (2006)
    ( Fig. 4 is not printed correctly! Use correct Fig. 4 instead!)

  • BeppoSAX Observations of Centaurus A: The Hard Continuum and the Iron Line Feature
    Grandi P., Fiocchi M., Perola C.G., Urry M.C., Maraschi L., Massaro E., Matt G., Preite-Martinez A., Steinle H., and Collmar W.
    Astrophys. Journ. 593, 160-168 (2003)

  • The Hard XRAY Spectrum of the Radio-Galaxy Centaurus A
    Fiocchi M., Grandi P., Perola G.C., Matt G., Massaro E., Maraschi L., Urry C.M., Giommi P., Steinle H., Collmar W.
    Proceedings of the international workshop
    "Blazar Astrophysics with BeppoSAX and Other Observatories"
    Frascati, Italy, December 10-11, 2001
    Eds.: Giommi P., Massaro E., Palumbo G.
    ESA-ESRIN 55-58 (2002)

  • The spectral energy distribution of Centaurus A (NGC 5128)
    - A summary of all observations including all CGRO results -

    Steinle H.
    In: Proceedings Gamma 2001 - Gamma-Ray Astrophysics 2001, April 4-6, 2001,Baltimore, MD, USA,
    eds.: S. Ritz, N. Gehrels and Ch. Shrader
    AIP Conf. Proc. 587, 353-357 (2001)

  • Monitoring NGC 5128 (Centaurus A) at X-ray and Gamma-ray Wavelenghts
    Steinle H.
    in: Probing the Physics of Active Galactic Nuclei by Multiwavelength Monitoring,
    eds.: Peterson B.M., Polidan R.S., and Pogge R.W.
    ASP Conference Series Vol 224, 183-191 (2001)
    ( in Fig. 5 the EGRET data point is plotted wrong. It should be at 11.94 [Jy Hz] instead of 11.04 [Jy Hz].)

  • A bright X-ray transient towards NGC 5128 (Centaurus A)
    Steinle H., Dennerl K., and Englhauser J.
    Astron. Astrophys. 357, L57-L60 (2000)

  • Centaurus A: Multiwavelength Observations of the nearest Active Galaxy from Radio to Gamma-Rays
    Steinle H., Bonnell J., Kinzer R.L., Tzioumis A., Bignall H., Schönfelder V., Bennett K., Hermsen W., Ryan J.
    in: Proceedings of the 32nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly, Nagoya, Japan, 1998;
    Adv. Space Res. Vol. 23 No. 5/6, pp. 911-914 (1999)

  • COMPTEL observations of Centaurus A at MeV energies in the years 1991 to 1995
    Steinle H., Bennett K., Bloemen H., Collmar W., Diehl R., Hermsen W., Lichti G.G., Morris D., Schönfelder V., Strong A.W., and Williams O.R.
    Astron. & Astrophys. 330, 97-107 (1998)

  • Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory Observations of the Nearest Active Galaxy Centaurus A
    Steinle H., Bennett K., Bloemen H., Collmar W., Diehl R., Hermsen W., Lichti G.G., Morris D., Schönfelder V., Strong A.W., Williams O.R.
    in: Proceedings of the Fourth Compton Symposium, Williamsburg, VA (USA) 1997,
    part II: Papers and Presentations;
    eds. C.D. Dermer M.S. Strickman, and J.D. Kurfess, (New York: AIP)
    AIP Conf. Proc. 410, 1298-1302 (1997)

  • Seyferts and Radio Galaxies
    Johnson W.N., Zdziarski A.A., Madejski G.M., Paciesas W.S., Steinle H., Lin Y-C.
    in: Proceedings of the Fourth Compton Symposium, Williamsburg, VA (USA) 1997,
    part I: The Compton Observatory in Review;
    eds. C.D. Dermer M.S. Strickman, and J.D. Kurfess, (New York: AIP)
    AIP Conf. Proc. 410, 283-305 (1997)

  • CGRO-COMPTEL observations of the Centaurus A Region
    Steinle H., Bennett K., Bloemen H., Collmar W., Diehl R., Hermsen W., Lichti G., McConnell M., Morris D., Much R., Ryan J., Schönfelder V., Strong A.W., Varendorff M., and Winkler C.
    XXX COSPAR, Hamburg 1994
    Adv. Space Res. Vol. 15, No. 5, pp. (5)37-(5)40 (1995)

  • COMPTEL Observations Of AGNs
    Steinle H., Bloemen H., Collmar W., Diehl R., Hermsen W., Lichti G., McConnell M., Ryan J., Schoenfelder V., Stacy G., Strong A.W., Swanenburg B.N., Varendorff M. and Williams O.R.
    Adv. Space Res. Vol. 13, No. 12, pp. 731-734 (1993)


PKS 0528+135 :

PKS 0528+135 is a difficult object to observe with COMPTEL, as it is only few degrees offset from the strongest MeV source in the sky - the Crab.


3C 273 :

  • Simultaneous Observations of the Continuum Emission of the Quasar 3C 273 from Radio to Gamma-ray Energies
    Lichti G.G., von Montigny C., Balonek T., Courvoisier T.J.-L., Johnson N., McConnell M., Paciesas W., Robson E.I., Sadun A., Schalinski C., Steppe H., Smith A.G., Staubert R., Swanenburg B.N., Turner M.J.L., Ulrich M.-H., and Williams O.R.
    In: Proc. of 2nd Compton Symposium, University of Maryland, Washington, 1993,
    ed. Fichtel C.E., Gehrels N. and Norris J.P.
    AIP Conf. proc. 304, pp. 611-615 (1994)
    Electronically avaiable: scanned article (pdf)

  • A Large Gamma-ray Flare from the Blazar 3C 273
    W. Collmar, O. Reimer, K. Bennett, H. Bloemen, W. Hermsen, G. Lichti, J. Ryan, V. Schönfelder, H. Steinle, O.R. Williams
    3rd Integral Workshop, Taormina, Italy (1998)
    Electronically available: poster compressed to A4 format (ps)

  • Multifrequency Observations of the Virgo Blazars 3C 273 and 3C 279 in the CGRO Cycle 8
    Collmar W., Benlloch S., Grove J.E., Hartman R.C., Heindl W.A., Kraus A., Teräsranta H., Villata M., Bennett K., Bloemen H., Johnson W.N., Krichbaum T., Raiteri C.M., Ryan J., Sobrito G., Schönfelder V., Williams O.R., Wilms J.
    Proceedings of the 5th Compton Symposium, Sep 15 - 17, 1999, Portsmouth, NH, USA
    AIP, .... (2000).
    Electronically avaiable: not yet


3C 279 :

  • Evidence for Gamma-Ray Flares in 3C 279 and PKS 1622-297 at ~10 MeV .
    Collmar W., V. Schönfelder, H. Bloemen, J.J. Blom, W. Hermsen, M. McConnell, J.G. Stacy, K. Bennett, and O.R. Williams
    In: Proceedings of the Fourth Compton Symposium",
    Eds. C.D. Dermer, M.S. Strickman & J.D. Kurfess (New York: AIP),
    AIP Conf. Proc., 410, 1341 - 1345 (1997).
    Electronically avaiable: ADS entry and submitted article (ps)

  • Multifrequency Observations of the Virgo Blazars 3C 273 and 3C 279 in the CGRO Cycle 8
    Collmar W., Benlloch S., Grove J.E., Hartman R.C., Heindl W.A., Kraus A., Teräsranta H., Villata M., Bennett K., Bloemen H., Johnson W.N., Krichbaum T., Raiteri C.M., Ryan J., Sobrito G., Schönfelder V., Williams O.R., Wilms J.
    Proceedings of the 5th Compton Symposium, Sep 15 - 17, 1999, Portsmouth, NH, USA
    AIP, .... (2000).
    Electronically avaiable: not yet


Cen A     PKS 0528+135     3C 273     3C 279    

   


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