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Some galactic nuclei are remarkably distinguished from the average: These
so-called Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are intensive sources of light of
all wavelengths from radio to gamma-rays. The activities seen in the AGNs are
caused by gaseous matter falling into, and interacting with, supermassive
central objects like massive black holes, according to the current
consensus of most researchers. Sometimes, the spectra of these nuclei
indicate enormous gaseous masses in rapid motion; galaxies with such a
nucleus are called Seyfert galaxies (for their discoverer, Karl Seyfert).
Few galaxies have even more exotic nuclei, which are extremely compact and
extremely bright, outshining their whole parent galaxy; these are called
quasars (an acronym for QUAsi-StellAR objects). From their properties,
quasars resemble extremely active Seyfert galaxy nuclei. A special sub-group
of AGN are the so-called Blazars which are BL-Lac type galaxies emitting
very high energy photons (up to TeV). The majority of the extragalactic
sources fond by the EGRET instrument on board CGRO are of this type.
A good basic introduction to active galaxies, Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN)
and Blazars are the
"Imagine the Universe"
web pages from NASA:
Active Galaxies - level 1 (Seyferts, Quasars, Blazars)
Active Galaxies - level 2 (Seyferts, Quasars, Blazars)
A schematic view of the current picture of the diferent types of AGN is the
icon on the top left of this page. View a larger version by clicking on it.
Detected AGN with COMPTEL :
Cen A ,
PKS 0528+135 ,
3C 273 ,
3C 279 ,
CTA 102 ,
3C 454.3 ,
GRO J0516-609 ,
PKS 0208-512 ,
PKS 1222+216 ,
PKS 1622-297
Centaurus A :
Centaurus A is the nearest AGN and it has been observed many times with the MPE-built
COMPTEL instrument on board CGRO and other instruments. Quite a number of publications
with MPE members as authors and a set of dedicated Web Pages is the result.
-
The Dedicated Centaurus A Web pages
H. Steinle
- Centaurus A: A Multifrequency Review
Steinle H.
Chin. J. Astron. Astrophys. 6, Suppl. 1, 106-113 (2006)
(
Fig. 4 is not printed correctly! Use
correct Fig. 4 instead!)
- BeppoSAX Observations of Centaurus A: The Hard Continuum and the
Iron Line Feature
Grandi P., Fiocchi M., Perola C.G., Urry M.C., Maraschi L., Massaro E.,
Matt G., Preite-Martinez A., Steinle H., and Collmar W.
Astrophys. Journ. 593, 160-168 (2003)
- The Hard XRAY Spectrum of the Radio-Galaxy Centaurus A
Fiocchi M., Grandi P., Perola G.C., Matt G., Massaro E., Maraschi L.,
Urry C.M., Giommi P., Steinle H., Collmar W.
Proceedings of the international workshop
"Blazar Astrophysics with BeppoSAX and Other Observatories"
Frascati, Italy, December 10-11, 2001
Eds.: Giommi P., Massaro E., Palumbo G.
ESA-ESRIN 55-58 (2002)
- The spectral energy distribution of Centaurus A (NGC 5128)
- A summary of all observations including all CGRO results -
Steinle H.
In: Proceedings Gamma 2001 - Gamma-Ray Astrophysics 2001, April 4-6,
2001,Baltimore, MD, USA,
eds.: S. Ritz, N. Gehrels and Ch. Shrader
AIP Conf. Proc. 587, 353-357 (2001)
- Monitoring NGC 5128 (Centaurus A) at X-ray and Gamma-ray Wavelenghts
Steinle H.
in: Probing the Physics of Active Galactic Nuclei by Multiwavelength
Monitoring,
eds.: Peterson B.M., Polidan R.S., and Pogge R.W.
ASP Conference Series Vol 224, 183-191 (2001)
(
in Fig. 5 the EGRET data point is plotted wrong. It should be at 11.94 [Jy Hz]
instead of 11.04 [Jy Hz].)
- A bright X-ray transient towards NGC 5128 (Centaurus A)
Steinle H., Dennerl K., and Englhauser J.
Astron. Astrophys. 357, L57-L60 (2000)
- Centaurus A: Multiwavelength Observations of the nearest
Active Galaxy from Radio to Gamma-Rays
Steinle H., Bonnell J., Kinzer R.L., Tzioumis A., Bignall H.,
Schönfelder V., Bennett K., Hermsen W., Ryan J.
in: Proceedings of the 32nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly, Nagoya,
Japan, 1998;
Adv. Space Res. Vol. 23 No. 5/6, pp. 911-914 (1999)
- COMPTEL observations of Centaurus A at MeV energies in the
years 1991 to 1995
Steinle H., Bennett K., Bloemen H., Collmar W., Diehl R.,
Hermsen W., Lichti G.G., Morris D.,
Schönfelder V., Strong A.W., and Williams O.R.
Astron. & Astrophys. 330, 97-107 (1998)
- Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory Observations of the Nearest
Active Galaxy Centaurus A
Steinle H., Bennett K., Bloemen H., Collmar W., Diehl R.,
Hermsen W., Lichti G.G., Morris D., Schönfelder V.,
Strong A.W., Williams O.R.
in: Proceedings of the Fourth Compton Symposium, Williamsburg,
VA (USA) 1997,
part II: Papers and Presentations;
eds. C.D. Dermer M.S. Strickman, and J.D. Kurfess, (New York: AIP)
AIP Conf. Proc. 410, 1298-1302 (1997)
- Seyferts and Radio Galaxies
Johnson W.N., Zdziarski A.A., Madejski G.M., Paciesas W.S.,
Steinle H., Lin Y-C.
in: Proceedings of the Fourth Compton Symposium, Williamsburg,
VA (USA) 1997,
part I: The Compton Observatory in Review;
eds. C.D. Dermer M.S. Strickman, and J.D. Kurfess, (New York: AIP)
AIP Conf. Proc. 410, 283-305 (1997)
- CGRO-COMPTEL observations of the Centaurus A Region
Steinle H., Bennett K., Bloemen H., Collmar W., Diehl R.,
Hermsen W., Lichti G., McConnell M., Morris D., Much R.,
Ryan J., Schönfelder V., Strong A.W., Varendorff M.,
and Winkler C.
XXX COSPAR, Hamburg 1994
Adv. Space Res. Vol. 15, No. 5, pp. (5)37-(5)40 (1995)
- COMPTEL Observations Of AGNs
Steinle H., Bloemen H., Collmar W., Diehl R., Hermsen W.,
Lichti G., McConnell M., Ryan J., Schoenfelder V., Stacy G.,
Strong A.W., Swanenburg B.N., Varendorff M. and Williams O.R.
Adv. Space Res. Vol. 13, No. 12, pp. 731-734 (1993)
PKS 0528+135 :
PKS 0528+135 is a difficult object to observe with COMPTEL, as it is only few
degrees offset from the strongest MeV source in the sky - the Crab.
-
Spectral variability in PKS 0528+134 at gamma-ray energies.
Böttcher M., W. Collmar
Astron. Astrophys. Lett., 329, L57 - L60 (1998).
-
COMPTEL observations of the quasar PKS 0528+134 during the
first 3.5 years of the CGRO mission
Collmar W., Bennett K., Bloemen H., Blom J.J.,, Hermsen W.,
Lichti G.G., Pohl M., Ryan J., Schönfelder V., Stacy J.G.,
Steinle H., and Williams O.R.
Astron. Astrophysics 328, 33-42 (1997)
3C 273 :
-
Simultaneous Observations of the Continuum Emission of the Quasar 3C 273
from Radio to Gamma-ray Energies
Lichti G.G., von Montigny C., Balonek T., Courvoisier T.J.-L., Johnson N.,
McConnell M., Paciesas W., Robson E.I., Sadun A., Schalinski C., Steppe H.,
Smith A.G., Staubert R., Swanenburg B.N., Turner M.J.L., Ulrich M.-H., and
Williams O.R.
In: Proc. of 2nd Compton Symposium, University of Maryland,
Washington, 1993,
ed. Fichtel C.E., Gehrels N. and Norris J.P.
AIP Conf. proc. 304, pp. 611-615 (1994)
Electronically avaiable:
scanned article (pdf)
A Large Gamma-ray Flare from the Blazar 3C 273
W. Collmar, O. Reimer, K. Bennett, H. Bloemen, W. Hermsen,
G. Lichti, J. Ryan, V. Schönfelder, H. Steinle,
O.R. Williams
3rd Integral Workshop, Taormina, Italy (1998)
Electronically available:
poster compressed to A4 format
(ps)
Multifrequency Observations of the Virgo Blazars 3C 273 and 3C 279 in the
CGRO Cycle 8
Collmar W., Benlloch S., Grove J.E., Hartman R.C., Heindl W.A., Kraus A.,
Teräsranta H., Villata M., Bennett K., Bloemen H., Johnson W.N.,
Krichbaum T., Raiteri C.M., Ryan J., Sobrito G., Schönfelder V.,
Williams O.R., Wilms J.
Proceedings of the 5th Compton Symposium, Sep 15 - 17, 1999,
Portsmouth, NH, USA
AIP, .... (2000).
Electronically avaiable:
not yet
3C 279 :
-
Evidence for Gamma-Ray Flares in 3C 279 and PKS 1622-297 at ~10 MeV .
Collmar W., V. Schönfelder, H. Bloemen, J.J. Blom, W. Hermsen,
M. McConnell, J.G. Stacy, K. Bennett, and O.R. Williams In: Proceedings of the Fourth Compton Symposium",
Eds. C.D. Dermer, M.S. Strickman & J.D. Kurfess (New York: AIP),
AIP Conf. Proc., 410, 1341 - 1345 (1997).
Electronically avaiable:
ADS entry and
submitted article (ps)
Multifrequency Observations of the Virgo Blazars 3C 273 and 3C 279 in the
CGRO Cycle 8
Collmar W., Benlloch S., Grove J.E., Hartman R.C., Heindl W.A., Kraus A.,
Teräsranta H., Villata M., Bennett K., Bloemen H., Johnson W.N.,
Krichbaum T., Raiteri C.M., Ryan J., Sobrito G., Schönfelder V.,
Williams O.R., Wilms J.
Proceedings of the 5th Compton Symposium, Sep 15 - 17, 1999,
Portsmouth, NH, USA
AIP, .... (2000).
Electronically avaiable:
not yet
Cen A
PKS 0528+135
3C 273
3C 279
Last update: 2004-11-10 by N.N.

Contact person: J. Greiner
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